Technical characteristics

"Keramika Kanjiža" doo from Kanjiža produces single fired floor and wall ceramic tiles dry pressed floor and wall ceramic tiles (so-called monocuttura and monoporosa), as well as decorative accessories. The floor tiles are frost resistant, suitable for installation outside. Our ceramic tiles, in all their segments, meet the requirements of the harmonized European standard SRPS EN 14411.

Standards

Since December 2005, the standard SRPS EN 14411 applies, published with the permission of the European Committee for Standardization CEN. This standard is an identical international standard EN 14411 which is compulsorily applied in all member states of the European Union. The CE-mark is a symbol of product conformity, developed in accordance with the harmonized standard that meets the important requirements of the Construction Products Directive.

Ceramic tiles are classified into quality classes 1,2,3 tested by the following standards:

SRPS EN 14411 Ceramic tiles - Definition, classification, characteristics and designation -Defines terms and determines classifications, characteristics and requirements for designation of ceramic tiles with the best commercial quality (first class).

SRPS B.D1.330 Ceramic tiles - Classification, characteristics, evaluation and verification of performance constancy and labeling - Defines the classification, characteristics, evaluation of conformyti and requirements for marking of ceramic tiles of class 2 and 3.

According to the standard, the ceramic tiles are classified into groups according to the manner of production and water absorption.

Classification according to the manner of production:

Group A Extruded ceramic tiles
Group B Dry pressed tiles

Classification according to water absorption:

Group  Ia Water absorption less than 0,5%
Group  Ib Water absorption from 0,5 to 3%
Group  IIa Water absorption from 3 to 6%
Group  IIb Water absorption from 6 to 10%
Group  III Water absorption more than 10%

Classification according to the nature of the visible surface:

Glazed (GL)
Unglazed (UGL)

 

The products of "Keramika Kanjiza" ARE divided into the following groups:

Floor tiles Group B Ia   Attachment G
Wall tiles Group B III    Attachment K

Testing methods used for determination of the product characteristics are described in the standards SRPS ISO 10545.

SRPS ISO 10545-1 Sampling and basis for acceptance - This standard determines the number of samples that should be checked from the series and a maximal number of allowed mistakes.

SRPS ISO 10545-2 Determination of dimensions and quality of visible surface - This standard establishes a method for determining the mesurement characteristics (length, width, thickness, flatness of sides, deviation for a right angle, and flatness of the surface) and quality of the surface of ceramic tiles.

SRPS ISO 10545-3 Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density - This testing establishes a method for determination of water absorption and apparent porosity of ceramic tiles. 

SRPS ISO 10545-4 Determination of modulus of rupture and fracture strength - Establishes a testing method for determining the fracture strength. Obtained data indicate the load that the tile can bear. 

SRPS ISO 10545-7 Determination of surface abrasion resistance of glazed tiles -PEI classification - The glaze resistance to surface abrasion is being determined. The procedure is perfomed by rotation of assets for abrasion and assessment of the abrasion effect, by visual comparison of tiles exposed to abrasion and tiles which were not exposed to abrasion. The product assessment is performed from 0 to 5, depending on the speed of rotation tools and occurence of damages (5 is the highest class of resistance of glazed tiles according to the surface abrasion).  

PEI - classification of glazed floor tiles in relation to their abrasion resistance

PEI 0 Glazed tiles in this class are not recommended for application on floors.

PEI 1 Appropriate for covering floor surfaces where people walk only in shoes with soft soles or barefoot, without dirt which scratches the floor surface (for example, residential bathrooms and bedrooms without direct access from outside).

PEI 2 Appropriate for covering floor surfaces where people walk in soft or plain shoes, usually with small quantities of dirt which scratches the surface (for example, rooms and living rooms in houses and apartments, with the exception of the kitchen, the doorway and crowded rooms).

PEI 3 Appropriate for covering floor surfaces where people often walk in plain shoes, with little dirt which scratches the floor (for example, residential kitchens, halls, corridors, balconies, terraces). This does not refer to exceptional footware, for example - studdied boots.

PEI 4 Appropriate for floors with normal movement of people with  slightly more dirt which scratches the floor (for example entrances, public kitches, hotels, exibition and retail space).

PEI 5 Appropriate for floors with constant great natural load and presence of dirt which scratches (for example, public surfaces such as commercial centers, airport interior rooms, hotel lobbies and application in industry). 

This classification is valid for application in usual conditions.

The information about abrasive resistance of floor tiles is indicated under the figures of floor tiles.

 SRPS ISO 10545-8 Determination of linear thermal expansion - he coefficient of linear thermal expansion is being determined for a range of room temperature up to 100 °C. The value indicates the extent to which the placed tile will expand due to temperature changes. This information should be taken into consideration during the determination of fugue thickness between the tiles.

SRPS ISO 10545-9 Determination of thermal shock resistance - The tiles are exposed to abrupt temperature changes and afterwards the occurence of damages is being checked.

SRPS ISO 10545-10 Determination of moisture expansion - This standard establishes a method for determination of moisture expansion of ceramic tiles. The data help to determine the dimension between tiles.

SRPS ISO 10545-11 Determination of crazing resistance of glazed surfaces - Occurence of cracks on the surface of glazed tiles is performed after treating them with compressed stream at a pressure of 500 kPa and temperature of 159 °C, for two hours in an autoclave.

SRPS ISO 10545-12 Determination of frost resistance - According to this method, the tiles are exposed to freezing and thawing within a temperature range from -5 °C to +5 °C, for at least 100 cycles. This testing simulates the prodcut behavior in external climate conditions.

SRPS ISO 10545-13 Determination of resistance to chemicals - This testing determines the tiles' resistance to the effect of household chemicals, salts in the water of a swimming-pool, acid, base and resistance to the effect of a 'pencil with HB hardness'.   Depending on the type of chemicals and resistance of tiles, they are divided in the following classes:

Household chemicals and salts in the water of a swimming-pool
A with no visible effects
B small changes in the appearance or if the tiles did not pass the testing with a 'pencil with HB hardness'
C siginificant changes

Acids and bases (low concentrations)
LA with no visible effects
LB small changes in the appearance or if the tiles did not pass the testing with a 'pencil with HB hardness'
LC siginificant changes

Acids and bases (high concentrations)
HA with no visible effects
HB small changes in the appearance or if the tiles did not pass the testing with a 'pencil with HB hardness'
HC siginificant changes

SRPS ISO 10545-14 Determination of stain resistance - The visible surface of the tiles is exposed to contact with assets that create stains, and classification is performed after removal. The classification is performed from 5 to 1 depending on the ease of removing the stains, whereupon the stains are most easily removed at class 5.

 

DIN 51130:2004-06 Determination of anti-slip properties for floor tiles

For bigger floor surfaces, industrial and commercial purposes, it is desirable that the friction coefficient is higher than the one used in houses.

The German standard DIN 51130:2004-06 defines the procedure and serves for testing and classification of anti-slip properties of floor coverings which have been stipulated for use in working rooms and areas where danger of slipping exists. The accepted angle is determined on a floor coating with applied lubricated asset (oil) and the person who performs control with control shoes moves forward-backward on the floor coating which is being controlled and which starts to tilt from its horizontal state and the inclination increases up to an accepted angle, i.e. an angle when the controller reaches the boundary of safe walking. The accepted angle is used for assessment of the degree of slip resistance.

DIN 51097:02.80 Determination of characteristics for prevention of slips

The characteristics of floor coatings according to this standard are assessed in conditions of moisture, on the treads of floor coverings which are used in bathrooms, changing rooms, toilets and similar rooms.

During the execution of the procedure, a liquid is continuously and uniformly applied for testing the floor covering which will start to tilt from its horizontal position and the inclination will grow up to an accepted angle, i.e. an angle when the controller reaches the boundary of safe walking. The person who performs control moves forward-backward on the floor coating which is being controlled, barefoot. Depending on the achieved inclination angle, the tested coverings could be classified in the following groups:

The information about slip resistance of floor tiles is indicated under the figures of floor tiles.

SRPS U.F2.011 Finishing works in structural engineering - Execution of ceramic works - The standard determines a procedure for wall and floor cladding with ceramic tiles inside of premises, as well as outside.

Recommendations during installation

• Before installing the wall tiles, they need to be immersed in water for better adhesion with the substrate.
• According to the standard SRPS U.F2.011, the tiles must compulsorily be placed with a fugue. The minimal fugue for wall tiles is 3 mm, and for floor tiles it is 4 mm.
• The substrate for placing the tiles should be dry (not freshly plastered) and without structural cracks.
• When buying the tiles, you must compulsorily pay attention to the designation of the caliber and the shade. Tiles with the same designations of caliber and shade should be put exceptionally in the same room.
• For a rustic type of tiles, the difference in the shade is a characteristic. Before placing the tiles, it is recommendable to match few m2 by combining the shades according to the taste of the customer.
• When laying tiles with offset, the recommendation is that maximum offset is 1/3rd of a tile (33%). Offset 50% is not recommended.

Identification of products on boxes and on pallets

In the process of automatic packaging, the ceramic tiles are packed in a cardboard boxes in which the industrial printer prints the basic data for identifying the product.

The first printed line contains: date, identification number of the classifier and product name. The second printed line contains: number of work order and product code, product class, product shade and caliber, that is, dimension of the floor tiles.

Each pallete of finished product contains a barcode, which helps to identify the tiles.

FLOOR TILES   SRPS EN 14411, group B Ia, Annex G
Property	Testing method	Tolerance
		SRPS EN 14411
Length and width	SRPS ISO 10545-2	± 0,5 %/max.±2.0mm
Thickness	SRPS ISO 10545-2	± 5,0 %/max.±0.5mm
Rectangularity	SRPS ISO 10545-2	± 0,5 %/max.±2.0mm
Straightness of sides	SRPS ISO 10545-2	± 0,5 %/max.±1.5mm
Surface flatness	SRPS ISO 10545-2	± 0,5 %/max.±2.0mm
Appearance	SRPS ISO 10545-2	Min. 95% without visible defects
Water absorption	SRPS ISO 10545-3	< 0,5 %
Breaking strength	SRPS ISO 10545-4	Thick. ≥ 7.5mm 1300 N Thick. ≥ 7.5mm 700 N
Modulus of rupture	SRPS ISO 10545-4	>35 N/mm2 >32 N/mm2
Abrasion resistance	SRPS ISO 10545-7	The abrasion class and number of cycles are recorded
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion	SRPS ISO 10545-8	Declared value
Thermal shock resistance	SRPS ISO 10545-9	Declared valued
Crazing resistance	SRPS ISO 10545-11	Declared value
Frost resistance	SRPS ISO 10545-12	Declared value
Resistance to household chemicals	SRPS ISO 10545-13	Minimum B
Stain resistance	SRPS ISO 10545-14	Minimum Class 3

WALL TILES  SRPS EN 14411, group B III, Annex K
Property	Testing method	Tolerance
		SRPS EN 14411	KK
Length and width	SRPS ISO 10545-2	± 0,5 %/max.±2.0mm	± 0,3 %/max.±1.5mm
Thickness	SRPS ISO 10545-2	± 10,0 %/max.±0.5mm	± 2,5 %/max.±0.5mm
Rectangularity	SRPS ISO 10545-2	± 0,5 %/max.±2.0mm	± 0,3 %/max.±1.5mm
Straightness of sides	SRPS ISO 10545-2	± 0,3 %/max.±1.5mm	± 0,2 %/max.±1.0mm
Surface flatness	SRPS ISO 10545-2	+ 0,5 %/- 0,3 % /max.(+1.5 / -0.5) mm	+ 0,25 % /- 0,1 % /max.(+1.5 / -0.5)mm
Appearance	SRPS ISO 10545-2	Min. 95% without visible defects
Water absorption	SRPS ISO 10545-3	> 10,00 %	> 15,00 %
Breaking strength	SRPS ISO 10545-4	Thick. ≥ 7.5mm 600 N Thick. < 7.5mm 200 N	> 600 N
Modulus of rupture	SRPS ISO 10545-4	> 12 N/mm2 > 15 N/mm2	> 15 N/mm2
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion	SRPS ISO 10545-8	Declared valued	7×10-6 K-1
Thermal shock resistance	SRPS ISO 10545-9	Declared valued	Conforms
Crazing resistance	SRPS ISO 10545-11	Declared valued	Conforms
Resistance to household chemicals	SRPS ISO 10545-13	At least B	A
Stain resistance	SRPS ISO 10545-14	At least class 3	Class 5

Specification of tiles packaging and decorative accessories